Nash Qbank

Q.1. Critical count of platelets which leads to spontaneous bleeding is?

A:

20000

B:

50000

C:

75000

D:

100000

Q.2. A 29 year old man has back pain and abdominal pain following treatment of malaria. His urine has become dark and his eyes have a yellowish tinge. He has had gallstones in the past. His past medical history includes jaundice when he was a neonate. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A:

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency

B:

Allergy to antimalarial medication

C:

Steven-Johnson syndrome

D:

Beta thalassaemia

Q.3. What's the non-hormonal treatment for post-menopausal flushing?

A:

Black choch

B:

Paroxetine

C:

Antipyeretics

D:

Conjugated estrogen

Q.4. Female patient developed sudden loss of vision in both eyes while she was walking down the street, also complaining of numbness and tingling in her feet. There is discrepancy between the complaint and the finding. On examination reflexes and ankle jerks preserved, there is decrease in the sensation and weakness in the lower muscles not going with the anatomy. What is your action?

A:

Call ophthalmologist

B:

Call neurologist

C:

Call psychiatrist

D:

Reassure her and ask her about the stressors

Q.5. Burn patient is treated with Silver Sulfadiazine, the toxicity of this drug can cause?

A:

Leukocytosis

B:

Neutropenia

C:

Hyponatremia

D:

Hypokalemia

Q.6. All of the following are side effects of furosemide except?

A:

Hyperkalemia

B:

Hypoglycemia

C:

Hypotension

D:

Haemolytic anemia

Q.7. Which is true about gonococcal infection?

A:

Less common in females with IUCD

B:

Causes permanent tubal blocking

C:

No need for laparoscopy for further evaluation

D:

Treat the partner

Q.8. A 55 year old man presents with “rubbery” painless lump on his neck. He also has significant weight loss over the past 6 months, fever and night sweats. The diagnosis of Hodgkin’s lymphoma was later confirmed with a lymph node excision biopsy. What type of cell is associated with Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A:

T-cells

B:

B-cells

C:

Reed-Sternberg cells

D:

Auer rods

Q.9. Mother brought her 10 year old obese son to the family practice clinic. What is your advice?

A:

Same dietary habit

B:

Fat free diet

C:

Multifactorial interventions

D:

Exercise

Q.10. Sickle cell anemia patient presented with unilateral hip pain. What's the most likely diagnosis?

A:

Septic arthritis

B:

Avascular Necrosis

C:

Osteoporosis

D:

Anterior dislocation

Q.11. Case of wound with greenish discharge, culture shows gram +ve in long chains. What is the diagnosis?

A:

Streptococcus

B:

Proteus

C:

Chlamydia

D:

Staphylococcus

Q.12. A 15 year old boy has marked pallor and jaundice. He has to receive regular blood transfusions to maintain his haemoglobin above a certain level. His medical history includes diabetes. He has obvious skull bossing and hepatosplenomegaly. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A:

Hereditary spherocytosis

B:

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency

C:

Beta thalassemia major

D:

Hereditary sideroblastic anaemia

Q.13. A 70 year old man presents with persistent dysphagia to both solids and liquids for a few months now. There is no associated weight loss. He does not have regurgitation after meals. His medical history includes osteoporosis which he takes alendronate once a week for the past 2 years. What is the SINGLE most likely diagnosis?

A:

Achalasia

B:

Oesophageal carcinoma

C:

Benign oesophageal stricture

D:

Barrett’s Oesophagus

Q.14. A 30 year old multiparous woman has just delivered a term male baby. She is group A (-) and her husband’s blood group is unknown. She does not remember having any intramuscular injections in her previous pregnancy. The infant boy develops severe jaundice within a few hours after being born. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A:

Hereditary spherocytosis

B:

ABO incompatibility

C:

G6PD

D:

Rh incompatability

Q.15. An 11 year old has increased laxity of joints and hyperelastic skin. He is noted to have mild spinal curvature and a blue sclera. What is the SINGLE most likely diagnosis?

A:

Fragile X syndrome

B:

DiGeorge syndrome

C:

Marfan’s syndrome

D:

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

Q.16. A 24 year old woman has right iliac fossa pain and vaginal spotting. Her last menstrual period was 8 weeks ago. She is pyrexial. A bimanual examination reveals cervical excitation. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A:

Ectopic pregnancy

B:

Ovarian torsion

C:

Endometriosis

D:

Ovarian tumour

Q.17. A patient has tender, redness & nodule on lacrimal duct site. Before referring him to an ophthalmologist what will you do?

A:

Topical steroid

B:

Topical antibiotics

C:

Oral antibiotics

D:

Nothing

Q.18. The parents of two children would like to try for another child. Their first child was diagnosed with cystic fibrosis and their second child is healthy. Both the parents are healthy. What is the chances of their next child being a carrier?

A:

1:4

B:

1:2

C:

2:3

D:

1:8

Q.19. 50 year old man presented to ER with sudden headache, blurred of vision and eye pain. What's the diagnosis?

A:

Acute conjunctivitis

B:

Acute glaucoma

C:

Migraine

D:

Corneal ulcer

Q.20. A 22 year old man is admitted to the hospital with lethargy. His medical history includes hereditary spherocytosis. His blood tests show: Haemoglobin 51 g/L Reticulocytes 0.4%. What is the SINGLE most likely cause of his low haemoglobin and low leukocytes?

A:

Parvovirus B19 infection

B:

Haemolytic transfusion reactions

C:

Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

D:

Splenic sequestration crisis

Q.21. A 35-year-old man with painless left testicular enlargement for the past 6 months which is increasing in size and 3 times larger than the right side. There is no tenderness or redness. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A:

Testicular tumor

B:

Hydrocele

C:

Epididymal cyst

D:

Epididymo-orchitis

Q.22. Hospitalized child on chemotherapy when started IV access developed sepsis. What's the organism involved?

A:

E. coli

B:

Pseudomonas

C:

Strep. Epidermalis

D:

Streptococcus pyogenes

Q.23. Female patient known to you since 3 years ago has IBS. You do all the investigations nothing suggestive other than that, she wants you to refer her. What will you do?

A:

You will refer her to the doctor that she wants

B:

You will refer her to the doctor that you want

C:

You will not refer

D:

Treat her

Q.24. What is true about acute appendicitis?

A:

Occurs equally among men and women

B:

With perforation will show fecoliths in 10% of cases

C:

Without perforation will show fecoliths in fewer than 2% of cases

D:

Incidence has reduced in frequency in the past 20 years

Q.25. Old male patient, smoker, alcoholic, fatigue, debilitated presents with dull aching abdominal pain with weight loss. What is the diagnosis?

A:

Acute pancreatitis

B:

Chronic pancreatitis

C:

Pancreatic Carcinoma

D:

Insulinoma

Q.26. Which of following favors diagnosis of SLE?

A:

Joint deformity

B:

Lung cavitations

C:

Severe raynaud phenomenon

D:

Cystoid body in retina

Q.27. A 32 year old multigravida at 32 weeks’ gestation is woken up in the middle of the night with a pool of blood. She presents to the maternity unit with bleeding that has now stopped. She has no pain or uterine contractions. Fetal heart rate is regular at 145 beats/min. Examination of the uterus shows the fetus to be in a transverse lie. She has a pulse of 120 beats/minute, a blood pressure of 110/70 mmHg and a respiratory rate of 29 breaths/minute. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A:

Placenta abruption

B:

Placenta accreta

C:

Preterm labour

D:

Placenta praevia

Q.28. What is the side effect in a patient taking bupropion to quit smoking?

A:

Arrhythmia

B:

Seizures

C:

Xerostomia

D:

Headache

Q.29. 40 year old female presented to the clinic with central neck swelling which is moving with swallowing. The mass is hard and the patient gave history of dysphagia. What should you do?

A:

Refer the patient to Gastroenterology for the diagnosis of dysphagia

B:

Admit the patient as a possible cancer thyroid and manage accordingly

C:

Give the patient thyroxin and send her home

D:

Request thyroid function tests and follow-up in 2 months

Q.30. A 7 year old boy has recurrent episodes of spontaneous bleeding into his knee joints and muscles. Factor IX was found deficient. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A:

Haemophilia A

B:

Christmas disease

C:

Sickle cell anaemia

D:

Thalassaemia

Q.31. What is the method to determine the accuracy of occult blood test for 11,000 old patients?

A:

Sensitivity

B:

Specificity

C:

Positive predictive value

D:

Negative predictive value

Q.32. A 20 year old man presents with development of low back pain, shortness of breath and dizziness 3 days after taking primaquine to treat malaria. His past medical history is significant for neonatal jaundice. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A:

Haemolytic anaemia

B:

Pulmonary embolism

C:

Allergy to primaquine

D:

Hereditary sideroblastic anaemia

Q.33. A 42 year old woman is 16 weeks pregnant. She was late in booking her antenatal appointments and missed her first trimester scan. She is extremely worried about an abnormal chromosomal anomaly in her unborn baby as her first child was born with Down Syndrome. What is the most definitive investigations at this stage?

A:

Amniocentesis

B:

Chorionic villous sampling

C:

Parents karyotyping

D:

Preimplantation genetic testing

Q.34. A 6 year old girl is brought to the family health center by her mother. The child today had sudden onset of a painful sore throat, difficulty swallowing, headache and abdominal pain. The child has had no recent cough or coryza and was exposed to someone at school that recently was diagnosed with a “strep throat”. On examination the child has a temperature of 40*C. She has tender anterior cervical nodes and exudative tonsils. The lungs, heart, and abdominal examination are normal. What treatment would you offer for this child?

A:

Azithromycin

B:

Penicillin V

C:

Ciprofloxacin

D:

Trimothoprim

Q.35. What is the sign seen in X-ray that represents duodenal atresia in infants?

A:

Double bubble sign

B:

Triple bubble sign

C:

Bird peak sign

D:

Temperature chart

Q.36. A 35 year old construction worker is diagnosed with indirect inguinal hernia. Which statement below best describes indirect inguinal hernias?

A:

Passes through the superficial ring only

B:

Does not pass through the superficial inguinal ring

C:

Passes through the deep inguinal ring

D:

Passes medial to the inferior epigastric vessels

Q.37. Baby can sit without support, walk by holding furniture, has pincer grasp, pull to stand. How old is he?

A:

8 months

B:

10 month

C:

12 month

D:

18 month

Q.38. A 57 year old male presents with sudden onset of severe abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. The pain initially started as left lower quadrant pain but is now generalized. He has a temperature of 38.9 C and a pulse of 135 beats/minute. On examination, his abdomen has generalized guarding and rigidity. He has no past medical or surgical history of note and he is not taking any regular medications. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A:

Intussusception

B:

Bowel ischaemia

C:

Perforated diverticulum

D:

Zenker’s diverticulum

Q.39. Primary amenorrhea occurs due to which of the following?

A:

Failure of canalization of mullerian duct

B:

Kallmann syndrome

C:

Agenesis

D:

All of the above

Q.40. Child presented with low grade fever, erythematous pharynx, with cervical lymph nodes and rapid streptolysin test negative with positive EBV. What is the next step?

A:

Give antibiotics and anti-pyretic

B:

Give anti pyretic and fluids

C:

Do culture and sensitivity

D:

Antiviral treatment

Q.41. What best describes specificity of screening test in a population?

A:

Are negative of disease, and test is negative

B:

Are positive of disease, and test is negative

C:

Are positive comparing to total number of people

D:

Negative disease , positive test

Q.42. What is the common site of anal fissure is?

A:

Posterior

C:

Lateral

D:

Medial

Q.43. A 33 year old female presents with sudden severe colicky abdominal pain at her right iliac fossa. The pain is severe and has worsened intermittently over the last few hours. The pain radiates to her back and pelvis. She has also been vomiting and feeling nauseous since the pain started. A tender, mobile mass is felt at the right iliac fossa on examination. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A:

Appendicitis

B:

Ovarian torsion

C:

Pelvic inflammatory disease

D:

Constipation

Q.44. What can you give to increase iron absorption to the body?

A:

Vitamin E

B:

Vitamin C

C:

Zinc

D:

Vitamin B

Q.45. The factor associated with an increased relative risk of breast cancer include all of the following EXCEPT?

A:

Nulliparity

B:

Menopause before age 40

C:

A biopsy showing fibrocystic disease with a proliferative epithelial component

D:

First pregnancy after age 35

Q.46. A 42 year old primiparous woman has a stillbirth at 32 weeks. The baby is noted to have microcephaly, micrognathia, a prominent occiput and prominent calcaneus. What is the most likely genetic disorder?

A:

Down syndrome

B:

Fragile X syndrome

C:

Edwards syndrome

D:

DiGeorge syndrome

Q.47. Patient with heart disease complains of lower limb ischemia. What's the appropriate managaement?

A:

Refer to cardiology

B:

Refer to vascular surgery

C:

Start heparin

D:

Start warfarin

Q.48. Entamoeba histolytica cysts are destroyed best by which technique?

A:

Boiling

B:

Iodine added to water

C:

Chlorine added to water

D:

Freezing

Q.49. A 35 year old lady at her 28th week gestation attends her antenatal clinic for a routine check-up. She feels well and has no complaints. Her blood pressure is 160/95 mmHg and her urine dipstick shows a 3+ protein. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A:

Essential hypertension

B:

Gestational hypertension

C:

Pre-eclampsia

D:

Chronic hypertension

Q.50. A 72 year old male isdue for a lower anterior resection of the colon due to colorectal carcinoma. What is the SINGLE most appropriate prophylactic regimen to be given in theatre in his case?

A:

Metronidazole

B:

Cefuroxime and metronidazole

C:

Clarithromycin and amoxicillin

D:

Amoxicillin

Q.51. What can a 4 year old child do?

A:

Draw square

B:

Say complete sentence

C:

Tie his shoes

D:

Draw triangle

Q.52. Pregnant women with fibroids, which of the following is true?

A:

Presented with severe anemia

B:

Likely to regress after delivery

C:

Needs surgery immediately

D:

Presents with antepartum hemorrhage

Q.53. A 34 year old woman develops a fit 6 hours after having a spontaneous vaginal delivery of a healthy term baby. She has no history of having high blood pressure and has not had a seizure before. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A:

Eclampsia

B:

Epilepsy

C:

Subarachnoid haemorrhage

D:

Pulmonary embolism

Q.54. Which one of the following decreases the chances of colon cancer?

A:

Zinc

B:

Vitamin E

C:

Folic acid

D:

Vitamin C

Q.55. Signs of congestive heart failure in children are all EXCEPT?

A:

Gallop rhythm

B:

Periorbital edema

C:

Basal creptitations

D:

Bounding pulse

Q.56. A 70-year-old man presents with a fluctuant swelling of the scrotum which feels like worms when he is standing but regresses when he lies down. What is the most probable diagnosis?

A:

Varicocele

B:

Hematocele

C:

Testicular carcinoma

D:

Epidydimal cyst

Q.57. 45 year old female complaining of itching in genitalia for 1 month, afebrile, -ve PMH, living happily with her husband since 20 years. On examination - no abdominal tenderness, redness in vagina, mild grey discharge. No history of UTI or pyelonephritis. What's the probable diagnosis?

A:

Vaginitis

B:

Cystitis

C:

Ca cervix

D:

Urethritis

Q.58. All of the following are extrapyramidal symptoms except?

A:

Dyskinesia

B:

Rigidity

C:

Bradykinesia

D:

Clonic tonic convulsion

Q.59. Old patient with abnormal ear sensation and fullness, history of vertigo and progressive hearing loss. Investigation shows low frequency sensorial hearing loss. What's the diagnosis?

A:

Acoustic neuroma

B:

Neuritis

C:

Meniere’s disease

D:

Vestibular neuritis

Q.60. A 51 year old vegan presents with complaints of peripheral paresthesia, mild shortness of breath and fatigue. Examination reveals that she has angular stomatitis and a sore red tongue. What is the most likely cell type to be seen on a blood film?

A:

Numerous blast cells

B:

Oval macrocytic red cells

C:

Spherocytes

D:

Heinz bodies

Q.61. At what level is lumbar puncture (LP) done?

A:

L3-L4

B:

L2-L3

C:

L5-S1

D:

L5-S3

Q.62. All are true about Childhood asthma except?

A:

90% bronchospasm are induced by exercise

B:

Inhalation of betamethasone is safe

C:

Inhalation by aerospace chamber in younger child

D:

Cough is the only symptom

Q.63. What is the important tools for listening to a patient?

A:

Using tools for asking

B:

Imagination

C:

Using similar words and expressions as the patient

D:

Having a sense of humor

Q.64. All can be used for the treatment of acute gout EXCEPT?

A:

Allopurinol

B:

NSAIDs

C:

Gold salt

D:

Paracetamol

Q.65. A 28 year old pregnant woman with polyhydramnios comes for an anomaly scan at 31 weeks. On ultrasound scan, there was no gastric bubble seen. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A:

Duodenal atresia

B:

Oesophageal atresia

C:

Diaphragmatic hernia

D:

Gastroschisis

Q.66. Middle aged alcoholic patient presented with h/o fullness in epigastric region and mild pain. History of nausea and vomiting. Labs- Increased Serum Amylase. What's the diagnosis?

A:

Pancreatic Pseudocyst

B:

Pancreatic cyst adenoma

C:

Choledochal cyst

D:

Liver Cirrhosis

Q.67. What's true about Trichomoniasis?

A:

Associated with cytological abnormalities on PAP smear

B:

Associated with pregnancy and diabetes mellitus

C:

Is a sexually transmitted parasite which causes pruritic discharge

D:

May cause overt warts

Q.68. A 62 year old man presents with bone pain at his ribs and back pain which have been present for the last couple of months. He has been feeling tired lately and finds himself always thirsty. Blood tests were requested on his last visit which show: Haemoglobin 90 g/L Calcium 4.0 mmol/L Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 118 U/L Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 88 mm/h eGFR 45 What cell type is most likely to be found in abundance in the bone marrow?

A:

Plasma cell

B:

Bence-Jones protein

C:

Myeloid cell

D:

Megakaryocytyes

Q.69. A 33 year old pregnant woman of 28 weeks gestation had sustained a minor chest injury three weeks ago caused by direct trauma from her seat belt during a car accident. She presents with a left subareolar mass. The mass is painless and firm and has dimpling. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A:

Mastitis

B:

Atypical hyperplasia

C:

Fat necrosis of the breast

D:

Pregnancy related enlargement

Q.70. A 26 year old woman has become aware of an increasing right-sided hearing loss since her last pregnancy. On otoscopy, her eardrums look normal. Her hearing tests show bone conduction (BC) is better than air conduction (AC) in the right ear. Weber’s test lateralizes to the right ear. What is the SINGLE most likely diagnosis?

A:

Encephalopathy

B:

Functional hearing loss

C:

Sensorineural deafness

D:

Otosclerosis

Q.71. A 29 year old woman at 28 weeks gestation comes in for an antenatal visit. Her blood tests reveal: Hb: 11.0 g/dL MCHC: normal range MHC: normal What is the best explanation for these blood results?

A:

Iron deficiency anaemia

B:

Folate deficiency anaemia

C:

Anaemia of chronic disease

D:

Normal physiological phenomenon

Q.72. A patient with penetrating abdominal stab wound. Vitals are: HR 98, BP 140/80 and RR 18. A part of omentum was protruding through the wound. What is the most appropriate next step?

A:

FAST Ultrasound

B:

DPL (Diagnostic peritoneal lavage)

C:

Explore the wound

D:

Exploratory laparotomy

Q.73. All of the following will help to prevent poor medication compliance except?

A:

Clear written instructions

B:

Making patient active participant

C:

Convenient appointments

D:

Warning against the adverse effects of not taking medications

Q.74. A 22 year old man presents with a 2 month history of diarrhoea. He says his bowels have not been right for the past few months and he frequently has to run to the toilet. These symptoms seemed to be improving up until two weeks ago and for the past week, he notices the presence of blood when he passes stool. On examination, there are aphthous oral ulcers. He has not lost any weight and has a good appetite. Examination of his abdomen demonstrates mild tenderness in the left lower quadrant but no guarding. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A:

Crohn’s disease

B:

Infective diarrhoea

C:

Ulcerative colitis

D:

Colorectal cancer

Q.75. A 60 year old man has right upper quadrant discomfort. He has lost 10 kg in the last 4months. On examination, a palpable liver with nodularities was found. Three years ago,he had a right hemicolectomy for a colorectal cancer. What is the most appropriate tumour marker to investigate?

A:

CA 125

B:

CA 15

C:

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

D:

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

Q.76. An 8 year old boy was brought by his mother complaining that her child seems to be watching the television at very high volumes. He lacks concentration and is socially withdrawn. He would prefer to read books indoors rather than play outdoors. What is the SINGLE most likely findingto be exptected on an otoscopy?

A:

Flamingo pink tympanic membrane

B:

A bluish grey tympanic membrane with an air fluid level

C:

Attic perforation

D:

Red and inflamed tympanic membrane

Q.77. Coarctation of the aorta is commonly associated with which of the following syndrome?

A:

Down syndrome

B:

Turner syndrome

C:

Patau syndrome

D:

Edward syndrome

Q.78. A 6 month old baby presented with cough and wheezy chest, what's the diagnosis?

A:

Asthma

B:

Bronchiolitis

C:

Pneumonia

D:

F.B aspiration

Q.79. Hyperkalemia is characterized by all of the following except?

A:

Nausea and vomiting

B:

Peaked T-waves

C:

Widened QRS complex

D:

Positive Chvostek sign

Q.80. A 60 year old man presents with a lump in the left supraclavicular region. He complains of reduced appetite and he has lost 7 kg in the last two months. What is the most probable diagnosis?

A:

Thyroid carcinoma

B:

Gastric carcinoma

C:

Bronchial carcinoma

D:

Mesothelioma

Q.81. Which vitamin has a protective effect against colon cancer?

A:

Vitamin K

B:

Vitamin D

C:

Folic acid

D:

Vitamin C

Q.82. In developing countries to prevent dental caries. What should you add to water?

A:

Zinc

B:

Copper

C:

Iodide

D:

Flouride

Q.83. What is seen in Chronic Diarrhoea?

A:

Hypernatremia

B:

Hypercalcemia

C:

Hypomagnesaemia

D:

Metabolic Alkalosis

Q.84. A 26 year old primigravida pregnant woman at 34 weeks gestation presents with tingling and numbness with occasional pain of her right hand in addition to altered sensation over her right middle and index finger. Tinel test is negative. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A:

Carpel tunnel syndrome

B:

Median nerve entrapment

C:

Radial nerve entrapment

D:

Peripheral arterial disease

Q.85. What is specificity?

A:

When the person has the disease with +ve test

B:

When the person has the disease with -ve test

C:

When the person does not have the disease with +ve test

D:

When the person does not have the disease with -ve test

Q.86. How does Group A Haemolytic streptococcus cause rheumatic fever?

A:

Invade blood stream

B:

Invade myocardium

C:

After tonsillitis and pharyngitis

D:

Skin infection

Q.87. A 41 year old man presents with longstanding foul smelling brown ear discharge and progressive hearing loss of his right ear. The discharge has persisted despite three courses of antibiotic ear drops. Otoscopy shows perforation of the pars flaccida. A pearly white soft matter is seen at the posterior margin of the perforation. What is the SINGLE most likely diagnosis?

A:

Acute Suppurative Otitis Media

B:

Congenital cholesteatoma

C:

Acquired cholesteatoma

D:

Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media

Q.88. A 10 year old girl presents with pallor and features of renal failure. She has haematuria as well as proteinuria. The serum urea and creatinine are elevated. These symptoms started after an episode of bloody diarrhoea 4 days ago. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A:

Thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura

B:

Haemolytic uraemic syndrome

C:

Idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura

D:

Henoch-Schonlein purpura

Q.89. On initial evaluation, what do you do for couples with infertility?

A:

Temperature chart

B:

Semen analysis

C:

Refer to reproductive clinic

D:

Ovulation test

Q.90. What's the cause of Polyhydramnios?

A:

Renal agenesis

B:

Duodenal atresia

C:

Mother with diabetes insipidus

D:

Post partum pregnancy

Q.91. Female with red rashes under breast. What is the treatment?

A:

Topical antibiotic

B:

Antifungal powder

C:

Solution

D:

Steroid

Q.92. What is the side effect of long use of topical corticosteroid in ophthalmology?

A:

Rise in intra ocular pressure

B:

Cataract

C:

Ptosis

D:

Keratoconus

Q.93. A 60 year olf man presents to his general practitioner with the primary complaint of shortness of breath. He complains that he has been having increasing shortness of breath for the past seven months and that his symptoms have escalated to such a stage that he is now unable to walk the length of his hallway at home without becoming breathless. Further questioning reveals that the patient is also suffering frm a dry cough that has been present for the past five months. His past medical history is significant for hypertension, diagnosed when he was 55 years of age, which he takes ramipril for. The patient says that he is compliant with his medication. The patient says that he has worked in a warehouse for the past 30 years and specifically mentions that he has not been exposed to asbestos. Upon examination, the patient appears unwell and gaunt. Finger clubbing is noted and fine inspiratory crackles can be appreciated bilaterally upon auscultation of his lungs. His vitals are as follows: Blood pressure 145/86 mmHg Temperature 36.8 C Respiratory rate 89% on room air A lung function test was subsequently carried out and the results are as follows: FEV1 60% of predicted FVC 40% of predicted FEV1/FVC ratio 0.8. What is the most likely diagnosis for the patient?

A:

Asthma

B:

Bronchiectasis

C:

Pulmonary fibrosis

D:

Pulmonary oedema

Q.94. A 43 year old diabetic, who takes regular sitagliptin, has a planned elective hernia repair surgery. What is the SINGLE most appropriate advice to give regarding the perioperative management of his diabetic medication?

A:

Omit sitagliptin 3 days prior to the procedure

B:

Start subcutaneous insulin

C:

Continue medication with no change

D:

Omit sitagliptin on the day of the procedure

Q.95. A man is excessively worried about germs on his hands and keeps washing frequently. What is the diagnosis?

A:

Specific phobia

B:

Agoraphobia

C:

OCD

D:

Schizophrenia

Q.96. A 4 year old is brought to the emergency department by ambulance. His mother reports that he has been unwell with a sore throat. He is sitting on his mother’s knee and is tolerating an oxygen mask but looks unwell. He has constant noisy breathing and he is drooling saliva. He has a temperature of 39.0 C. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A:

Tonsilitis

B:

Acute Epiglottitis

C:

Acute asthma

D:

Croup

Q.97. A 28 year old woman complains of recurrent attacks of vertigo and nausea that last around 30 minutes to a few hours. They occur several times a year. Between attacks she is asymptomatic. She also reports a mild hearing loss in the left ear. What is the SINGLE most appropriate treatment?

A:

Aspirin

B:

Metoclopramide

C:

Cyclizine

D:

Ondansetron

Q.98. Old female with pubic itching and bloody discharge, developed pea shaped swelling in her labia. What's the most likely diagnosis?

A:

Bartholin cyst

B:

Bartholin gland carcinoma

C:

Bartholin abscess

D:

STI

Q.99. What is the most effective treatment for rosacea?

A:

Clindamycin

B:

Erythromycin

C:

Topical steroids

D:

Topical antibiotics

Q.100. A 51 year old male presents with malaise and tiredness. On physical exam, his spleen is noted to be approaching his right iliac fossa. No lymphadenopathy was noticed. What is the most likely cell type to be seen on a blood smear?

A:

Helmet shaped cell

B:

Sickle cell

C:

Granulocyte without blast cells

D:

Target red cells

Q.101. The action of antidepressant starts within?

A:

1 day

B:

1 wk

C:

2 wk

D:

3-4 wk

Q.102. A 49 year old lady had a colostomy closure 4 days ago. She now comes with fluctuating small swelling in the stoma. Her temperature is 37.9 C, respiratory rate is 18/min, pulse rate is 80 bpm. What is the most appropriate management?

A:

Local exploration

B:

CT abdomen

C:

Exploratory laparotomy

D:

Analgesia and rest

Q.103. A school student has history of pulling hair. What's the diagnosis?

A:

Phobia

B:

Anxiety

C:

Trichotillomania

D:

Somatiform disorder

Q.104. Which of the following increases the quality of the randomized controlled study & makes it stronger?

A:

Systemic Assignment predictability by participants

B:

Open Allocation

C:

Including only the participants who received the full intervention

D:

Following up at least 50 % of the participants

Q.105. A 60 year old man has difficulty in swallowing. He has regurgitation of food and bad breath. He has been coughing a lot lately. He has lost some weight during the last couple of months and is concerned about oesophageal cancer. What is the most appropriate initial investigation?

A:

Barium swallow

B:

Computed tomography scan of chest

C:

Manometry

D:

Endoscopy

Q.106. A 33 year old woman complains of tiredness for the last 3 months. On routine blood test, she is found to have a haemoglobin of 85 g/L, low mean cell volume, and low ferritin. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A:

Iron deficiency

B:

Folate deficiency

C:

Thalassaemia

D:

Sideroblastic anaemia

Q.107. A patient who presents with bilateral cerebellopontine tumours, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and café au lait spots is pregnant. What are the chances of her child having the same condition?

A:

1:1

B:

1:2

C:

1:4

D:

1:8

Q.108. What is the best method to prevent plague?

A:

Hand wash

B:

Kill rodent

C:

Avoid contact with people

D:

Disinfection

Q.109. The best indicator of labor progression is?

A:

Dilatation

B:

Fetal heart rate

C:

Descent

D:

Dilatation and descent

Q.110. Whooping cough in children, all are true EXCEPT?

A:

Curable

B:

Can cause bronchiectasis

C:

Patient is infective for 5 weeks after onset of symptoms

D:

Vaccine is mandated

Q.111. Female patient with DM well controlled, she wants to get pregnant she asked you about the risk of congenital abnormality. When should you start medications to prevent DM complications?

A:

Before pregnancy

B:

1 st trimester

C:

2 nd trimester

D:

3 nd trimester

Q.112. What is the strongest type of epidemiological study?

A:

Prospective cohort studies

B:

Retrospective control case studies

C:

Cross sectional

D:

Time line

Q.113. A 15 year old boy attended the emergency department with shortness of breath. A diagnosis of spontaneous unilateral pneumothorax was made. He is noted to be tall for his age with long arms and fingers. He also has severe scoliosis. What is the most likely syndrome?

A:

Fragile X syndrome

B:

Prader-Willi syndrome

C:

DiGeorge syndrome

D:

Marfan’s syndrome

Q.114. Patient was presented by tremor, fever, palpitations. Diagnosed as a case of hyperthyroidism. What is your initial treatment?

A:

Surgery

B:

Radio iodine

C:

Beta blockers

D:

Propylthiouracil

Q.115. 12 year old boy brought by his parent for routine evaluation, he is obese but otherwise healthy. His parents want to measure his cholesterol level. What is the best indicator of measuring this child's cholesterol?

A:

His parent cholesterol levels

B:

Family history of early CVA

C:

High BMI

D:

High Lipid profile

Q.116. You ask about history and patient wants to express his concerns, what do you do?

A:

Politely interrupt and ask close ended questions

B:

Let him express

C:

Abruptly stop him

D:

Ask open ended questions

Q.117. Old patient has loin pain with high serum urea and creatinine. U/S showed bilateral hydronephrosis. What is the most common cause?

A:

Ureteral stricture

B:

Retroperitoneal fibrosis

C:

Bladder neoplasm

D:

Prostate cancer

Q.118. Patient just received organ transplantation. What is the sign of acute rejection?

A:

Fever

B:

Hypotension

C:

High BP

D:

Shock

Q.119. 70 kg male with a 40% total body surface area burn and inhalation injury presents to your clinic. What is the fluid resuscitation for this patient?

A:

Lactated Ringer's solution at 350 ml/hr

B:

D5 lactated Ringer's solution at 700 ml/hr

C:

Lactated Ringer's solution at 100 ml/hr

D:

Normal saline at 400 ml/hr

Q.120. A 33 year old woman with a previous history of pain at the left wrist following a fall on her outstretched hand 4 months ago presents with pain in the same wrist below the thumb. She has not sought any medical advice or treatment prior to this. She says that the pain is aggravated when she holds her baby. What is the most likely cause?

A:

Ulnar fracture

B:

Colles’ fracture

C:

Scaphoid fracture

D:

Carpel tunnel syndrome

Q.121. Patient known case endocarditis will undergo dental procedure. What's the prophylaxis?

A:

No need of prophylaxis

B:

1 g amoxicillin after procedure

C:

2 g clindamycin before procedure 1 h

D:

1 g clindamycin after procedure

Q.122. A 32 year old man presents with fatigue, weakness, weight loss. On examination, cervical lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly is noted. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A:

Haemophilus influenzae infection

B:

Streptococcal infection

C:

Toxoplasmosis

D:

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Q.123. A 30 year old man presented with feeling of discomfort in the lower abdomen. On examination he had a small bulge palpable at the top of the scrotum that was reducible & increases with valsalva manoeuver. What's the most likely diagnosis?

A:

Indirect inguinal hernia

B:

Direct inguinal hernia

C:

Hydrocele

D:

Varicocele

Q.124. RTA with hip dislocation and hypotension. What is the cause of shock?

A:

Blood loss

B:

Urethral injury

C:

Neurogenic

D:

Bladder injury

Q.125. 35 year old female patient complains of acute pain in her left eye since 2 days, she gave history of visual blurring and use of contact lens as well. On examination- fluorescence stain shows dentritic ulcer at the center of the cornea. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A:

Corneal abrasion

B:

Herpetic central ulcer

C:

Stress ulcer

D:

Acute Episcleritis

Q.126. Child came to you with barking cough, stridor. On examination you see “Steeple Sign “. What is your diagnosis?

A:

Epiglottis

B:

URTI

C:

Croup

D:

Bronchiolitis

Q.127. Patient with long history of UC. Endoscopy, shows polyp and cancer lesion on left colon. What is the most appropriate management?

A:

Treatment of anemia

B:

Total colectomy

C:

Left hemicolectomy

D:

Remove polyp

Q.128. A 55 year old woman with a persistent cough and history of smoking develops left sided chest pain exacerbated by deep breathing. She has a temperature of 38.2 C and basal crackles are heard on auscultation. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A:

Pericarditis

B:

Pulmonary embolism

C:

Pneumonia

D:

Pneumothorax

Q.129. Patient with chronic heartburn, treated with antacids, no improvement. What's next action?

A:

Add another antacid

B:

H2 blockers

C:

PPIs

D:

Prokinetic agents

Q.130. Unconscious patient arrives to the ER. What's the initial step?

A:

ABC

B:

CT scan

C:

Intubation

D:

Check sugars

Q.131. What's the half life of Fluoxetine?

A:

1-4 days

B:

10-15 days

C:

6-9 days

D:

5-8 days

Q.132. Healthy patient with family history of DM type 2. What is the factor that increases chances of DM?

A:

HTN and Obesity

B:

Smoking and Obesity

C:

Pregnancy and HTN

D:

Pregnancy and Smoking

Q.133. Patient has fear, SOB & sweating when he drives a car. What's the diagnosis?

A:

Specific phobia

B:

Panic disorder

C:

Generalize anxiety disorder

D:

Somatiform disorder

Q.134. About Kernicterus, all are true EXCEPT?

A:

Can occur even if neonate is 10 days old

B:

It causes neurological abnormalities & can be reversed

C:

Can cause deafness

D:

All types of jaundice cause it

Q.135. 60 year old patient has HTN. No other co morbidities. What's the best drug to start?

A:

ACE inhibitors

B:

ARB

C:

Diuretics

D:

Beta blockers

Q.136. What should you tell the patient to avoid with a history of high cholesterol?

A:

Chicken

B:

Tuna

C:

Liver

D:

Egg white

Q.137. Child developed fever, headache after rupture of macular lesion on his face. What is the possible etiology?

A:

HSV1

B:

HSV2

C:

Varicella

D:

CMV

Q.138. 40 year old white male is transferred to your institution in septic shock less than 24 hours after onset of symptoms of a non-specific illness. He underwent a splenectomy for trauma 5 years ago. Antibiotic coverage must be directed against?

A:

Streptococcus, group A

B:

Klebsiella pneumonia

C:

Staphylococcus aureus

D:

Streptococcus pneumonia

Q.139. What is the most likely cause of gross haematuria in a 35 year old man?

A:

Cystitis

B:

Ureteral calculi

C:

Renal carcinoma

D:

Prostatic carcinoma

Q.140. All of the following are anti-arrhythmic drugs, except?

A:

Xylocaine

B:

Digoxin

C:

Quinidine

D:

Amiodarone

Q.141. What is the best management in a Bipolar patient with liver impairment?

A:

Fluxitine

B:

Lithium

C:

Haloperidol

D:

Paroxetine

Q.142. Old man came with complains of progressive hearing loss, it is mostly propounded when he is listening to the radio. Weber and Rinne test result shows bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. What's the diagnosis?

A:

Meniere’s disease

B:

Otosclerosis

C:

Noise induced deafness

D:

Hereditary hearing loss

Q.143. What's the most common cause of Shoulder pain?

A:

Supraspinatus

B:

Referred pain due to cardiac ischemia

C:

Infraspinatus muscle injury

D:

Rotator cuff injury

Q.144. What is the first sign of Left Sided Heart Failure?

A:

Orthopnea

B:

Pedal edema

C:

Dyspnea on exertion

D:

PND

Q.145. You are taking a hard-earned break in the doctor’s lounge during a busy shift when you notice your colleague, browsing what appears to be photographsof X- rays on his smartphone. When you confront him, he tellsyou that he frequently takes photographs of patients’ X-rays. He tellsyou that it is for his personal study since he is aspiring to be a consultant radiologist one day. He assures you that he will not share or send the photographs to anyone. What is the SINGLE most appropriate action that you should take in this situation?

A:

Inform his educational supervisor

B:

Advise him to inform his clinical supervisor

C:

Advise him to delete the photographs and stop taking them

D:

Inform his clinical supervisor

Q.146. Obese patient recently diagnosed to have DM II. He is following a diabetic diet regimen and he exercises regularly. During next visit, his blood sugar was high and he gained 5 kgs. He was also complaining of thirst and hunger, what would you give him?

A:

Long-acting insulin

B:

Metformin

C:

Short-acting insulin

D:

Sulfonylurea

Q.147. 9 months of child k/c/o congenital heart disease presents with central and peripheral cyanosis. What's the Diagnosis?

A:

Tetralogy of fallot

B:

Coarctation of aorta

C:

Truncus arteriosus

D:

ASD

Q.148. A 28 year old pregnant woman with polyhydramnios comes for an anomaly scan at 31 weeks. On ultrasound scan, there was no gastric bubble seen. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A:

Duodenal atresia

B:

Oesophageal atresia

C:

Diaphragmatic hernia

D:

Gastroschisis

Q.149. Two absolute contraindications to DTP and DTaP are?

A:

An immediate anaphylactic reaction & encephalopathy within 7 days

B:

Seizure within 3 days of immunization

C:

Pain for 3 or more hours within 48 hours

D:

Collapse or shock-like state within 48 hours

Q.150. 43 year old man is brought to the emergency department after a motor vehicle accident involving a head-on collision. He mentioned that he is having headache and dizziness. During his overnight admission for observation, he developed polyuria and his serum sodium level rises to 151 meq/L. All of the following tests are indicated EXCEPT?

A:

Overnight dehydration test

B:

Measurement of response to desmopressin

C:

MRI scan of the head

D:

Measurement of morning cortisol level

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MOCK TEST 1

Q.1. Critical count of platelets which leads to spontaneous bleeding is?

Q.2. A 29 year old man has back pain and abdominal pain following treatment of malaria. His urine has become dark and his eyes have a yellowish tinge. He has had gallstones in the past. His past medical history includes jaundice when he was a neonate. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Q.3. What's the non-hormonal treatment for post-menopausal flushing?

Q.5. Burn patient is treated with Silver Sulfadiazine, the toxicity of this drug can cause?

Q.6. All of the following are side effects of furosemide except?

Q.7. Which is true about gonococcal infection?

Q.9. Mother brought her 10 year old obese son to the family practice clinic. What is your advice?

Q.10. Sickle cell anemia patient presented with unilateral hip pain. What's the most likely diagnosis?

Q.11. Case of wound with greenish discharge, culture shows gram +ve in long chains. What is the diagnosis?

Q.12. A 15 year old boy has marked pallor and jaundice. He has to receive regular blood transfusions to maintain his haemoglobin above a certain level. His medical history includes diabetes. He has obvious skull bossing and hepatosplenomegaly. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Q.15. An 11 year old has increased laxity of joints and hyperelastic skin. He is noted to have mild spinal curvature and a blue sclera. What is the SINGLE most likely diagnosis?

Q.16. A 24 year old woman has right iliac fossa pain and vaginal spotting. Her last menstrual period was 8 weeks ago. She is pyrexial. A bimanual examination reveals cervical excitation. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Q.17. A patient has tender, redness & nodule on lacrimal duct site. Before referring him to an ophthalmologist what will you do?

Q.18. The parents of two children would like to try for another child. Their first child was diagnosed with cystic fibrosis and their second child is healthy. Both the parents are healthy. What is the chances of their next child being a carrier?

Q.19. 50 year old man presented to ER with sudden headache, blurred of vision and eye pain. What's the diagnosis?

Q.20. A 22 year old man is admitted to the hospital with lethargy. His medical history includes hereditary spherocytosis. His blood tests show: Haemoglobin 51 g/L Reticulocytes 0.4%. What is the SINGLE most likely cause of his low haemoglobin and low leukocytes?

Q.21. A 35-year-old man with painless left testicular enlargement for the past 6 months which is increasing in size and 3 times larger than the right side. There is no tenderness or redness. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Q.22. Hospitalized child on chemotherapy when started IV access developed sepsis. What's the organism involved?

Q.23. Female patient known to you since 3 years ago has IBS. You do all the investigations nothing suggestive other than that, she wants you to refer her. What will you do?

Q.24. What is true about acute appendicitis?

Q.25. Old male patient, smoker, alcoholic, fatigue, debilitated presents with dull aching abdominal pain with weight loss. What is the diagnosis?

Q.26. Which of following favors diagnosis of SLE?

Q.28. What is the side effect in a patient taking bupropion to quit smoking?

Q.29. 40 year old female presented to the clinic with central neck swelling which is moving with swallowing. The mass is hard and the patient gave history of dysphagia. What should you do?

Q.30. A 7 year old boy has recurrent episodes of spontaneous bleeding into his knee joints and muscles. Factor IX was found deficient. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Q.31. What is the method to determine the accuracy of occult blood test for 11,000 old patients?

Q.32. A 20 year old man presents with development of low back pain, shortness of breath and dizziness 3 days after taking primaquine to treat malaria. His past medical history is significant for neonatal jaundice. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Q.35. What is the sign seen in X-ray that represents duodenal atresia in infants?

Q.36. A 35 year old construction worker is diagnosed with indirect inguinal hernia. Which statement below best describes indirect inguinal hernias?

Q.37. Baby can sit without support, walk by holding furniture, has pincer grasp, pull to stand. How old is he?

Q.39. Primary amenorrhea occurs due to which of the following?

Q.40. Child presented with low grade fever, erythematous pharynx, with cervical lymph nodes and rapid streptolysin test negative with positive EBV. What is the next step?

Q.41. What best describes specificity of screening test in a population?

Q.42. What is the common site of anal fissure is?

Q.44. What can you give to increase iron absorption to the body?

Q.45. The factor associated with an increased relative risk of breast cancer include all of the following EXCEPT?

Q.46. A 42 year old primiparous woman has a stillbirth at 32 weeks. The baby is noted to have microcephaly, micrognathia, a prominent occiput and prominent calcaneus. What is the most likely genetic disorder?

Q.47. Patient with heart disease complains of lower limb ischemia. What's the appropriate managaement?

Q.48. Entamoeba histolytica cysts are destroyed best by which technique?

Q.49. A 35 year old lady at her 28th week gestation attends her antenatal clinic for a routine check-up. She feels well and has no complaints. Her blood pressure is 160/95 mmHg and her urine dipstick shows a 3+ protein. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Q.50. A 72 year old male isdue for a lower anterior resection of the colon due to colorectal carcinoma. What is the SINGLE most appropriate prophylactic regimen to be given in theatre in his case?

Q.51. What can a 4 year old child do?

Q.52. Pregnant women with fibroids, which of the following is true?

Q.53. A 34 year old woman develops a fit 6 hours after having a spontaneous vaginal delivery of a healthy term baby. She has no history of having high blood pressure and has not had a seizure before. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Q.54. Which one of the following decreases the chances of colon cancer?

Q.55. Signs of congestive heart failure in children are all EXCEPT?

Q.56. A 70-year-old man presents with a fluctuant swelling of the scrotum which feels like worms when he is standing but regresses when he lies down. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Q.57. 45 year old female complaining of itching in genitalia for 1 month, afebrile, -ve PMH, living happily with her husband since 20 years. On examination - no abdominal tenderness, redness in vagina, mild grey discharge. No history of UTI or pyelonephritis. What's the probable diagnosis?

Q.58. All of the following are extrapyramidal symptoms except?

Q.59. Old patient with abnormal ear sensation and fullness, history of vertigo and progressive hearing loss. Investigation shows low frequency sensorial hearing loss. What's the diagnosis?

Q.60. A 51 year old vegan presents with complaints of peripheral paresthesia, mild shortness of breath and fatigue. Examination reveals that she has angular stomatitis and a sore red tongue. What is the most likely cell type to be seen on a blood film?

Q.61. At what level is lumbar puncture (LP) done?

Q.62. All are true about Childhood asthma except?

Q.63. What is the important tools for listening to a patient?

Q.64. All can be used for the treatment of acute gout EXCEPT?

Q.65. A 28 year old pregnant woman with polyhydramnios comes for an anomaly scan at 31 weeks. On ultrasound scan, there was no gastric bubble seen. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Q.66. Middle aged alcoholic patient presented with h/o fullness in epigastric region and mild pain. History of nausea and vomiting. Labs- Increased Serum Amylase. What's the diagnosis?

Q.67. What's true about Trichomoniasis?

Q.69. A 33 year old pregnant woman of 28 weeks gestation had sustained a minor chest injury three weeks ago caused by direct trauma from her seat belt during a car accident. She presents with a left subareolar mass. The mass is painless and firm and has dimpling. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Q.71. A 29 year old woman at 28 weeks gestation comes in for an antenatal visit. Her blood tests reveal: Hb: 11.0 g/dL MCHC: normal range MHC: normal What is the best explanation for these blood results?

Q.72. A patient with penetrating abdominal stab wound. Vitals are: HR 98, BP 140/80 and RR 18. A part of omentum was protruding through the wound. What is the most appropriate next step?

Q.73. All of the following will help to prevent poor medication compliance except?

Q.75. A 60 year old man has right upper quadrant discomfort. He has lost 10 kg in the last 4months. On examination, a palpable liver with nodularities was found. Three years ago,he had a right hemicolectomy for a colorectal cancer. What is the most appropriate tumour marker to investigate?

Q.77. Coarctation of the aorta is commonly associated with which of the following syndrome?

Q.78. A 6 month old baby presented with cough and wheezy chest, what's the diagnosis?

Q.79. Hyperkalemia is characterized by all of the following except?

Q.80. A 60 year old man presents with a lump in the left supraclavicular region. He complains of reduced appetite and he has lost 7 kg in the last two months. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Q.81. Which vitamin has a protective effect against colon cancer?

Q.82. In developing countries to prevent dental caries. What should you add to water?

Q.83. What is seen in Chronic Diarrhoea?

Q.84. A 26 year old primigravida pregnant woman at 34 weeks gestation presents with tingling and numbness with occasional pain of her right hand in addition to altered sensation over her right middle and index finger. Tinel test is negative. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Q.85. What is specificity?

Q.86. How does Group A Haemolytic streptococcus cause rheumatic fever?

Q.88. A 10 year old girl presents with pallor and features of renal failure. She has haematuria as well as proteinuria. The serum urea and creatinine are elevated. These symptoms started after an episode of bloody diarrhoea 4 days ago. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Q.89. On initial evaluation, what do you do for couples with infertility?

Q.90. What's the cause of Polyhydramnios?