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ENT REVIEW
(Total Questions - 136)Q.1. A 56 year old presents with vasomotor rhinitis, what is the treatment?
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Correct Answer : A
Antihistamines and oral decongestants.
Q.2. A 9 year old patient comes with ear pain, red tense tympanic membrane, and negative Rhine's test with positive Weber test with lateralization (conductive hearing loss) for two days. What is the diagnosis?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.3. A child was treated for otitis media with 3 different antibiotics for 6 weeks but without improvement. Which antibiotic is the best treatment?
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Correct Answer : D
Q.4. What is the best treatment for otitis media?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.5. A patient presented with ear pain, red tympanic membrane, apparent vessels, with limited mobility of the tympanic membrane, what is the most likely diagnosis?
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Correct Answer : A
Otitis media: Caused by infection with Strep. Pneumonia, H. influenza. It follows URTI, which leads to swelling of the Eustachian tube, thus compromising the pressure equalization.
Q.6. Nasal decongestant (Vasoconstrictive) can cause which of the following?
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Correct Answer : B
Rhinitis medicamentosa is a condition of rebound nasal congestion.
Q.7. What is the most common cause of otorrhea?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.8. A middle aged man presented in ER with difficulty of inhalation. Nasal exam showed unilateral swelling inside the nose. What is the initial treatment for this patient?
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Correct Answer : C
Q.9. Patient came in OPD with ear pain and discharge. on examination he feels pain with moving ear pinna, normal tympanic membrane erythematous auditory canal. what is the diagnosis?
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Correct Answer : B
Q.10. A patient with recurrent congested nose and conjunctivitis. what would you give him?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.11. Which one is the initial crucial step in managing epistaxis?
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Correct Answer : B
Q.12. A young patient presents with congested nose, sinus pressure, tenderness, and green nasal discharge. The patient has been treated three times with broad-spectrum antibiotics previously. What is your next step in management?
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Correct Answer : B
The patient presents with chronic or recurrent sinusitis symptoms, characterized by congestion, sinus pressure, tenderness, and green nasal discharge. Despite previous courses of broad-spectrum antibiotics, the persistence of symptoms suggests that the condition may not be bacterial in origin or that there is an underlying issue contributing to the recurrence. The next step is often symptomatic treatment and further evaluation rather than another course of antibiotics.
Q.13. A old man presented in OPD with cognitive deficit. what we will screen?
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Correct Answer : C
Q.14. A young man came in ER with nasal bleeding from posterior septum. No known medical disease or bleeding disorder, How will you manage this case?
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Correct Answer : D
Q.15. What is the best diagnostic test for maxillary sinusitis?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.16. Which of the following is an indication for tonsillectomy?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.17. Regarding epistaxis, what is the treatment?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.18. A 45 years old lady was complaining of dizziness, sensory neural hearing loss in her left ear (8th nerve palsy), tingling sensation & numbness on her face, loss of corneal reflex. MRI showed a dilated internal ear canal. What is the diagnosis?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.19. A child presented with earache. On examination, there was a piece of glass deep in the ear canal. The mother gave a history of a broken glass in the kitchen but she thought she cleaned that completely. Which of the following is the best management?
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Correct Answer : A
Consult an ENT specialist if the object cannot be removed or if tympanic membrane perforation is suspected.
Q.20. A 15 years old boy present with 5 days history of pain behind his left ear and 3 days history of swelling over the mastoid. He had history of acute otitis media treated by amoxicillin but he had not taken complete course. On examination, he has tenderness over the mastoid bone with swelling, tympanic membrane shows absent cone reflex and mild congestion. what is the diagnosis?
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Correct Answer : C
Q.21. What is the most common cause of hearing loss in children?
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Correct Answer : A
Presbycusis the most common sensorineural hearing loss in adults and otosclerosis commonest cause of conductive hearing loss
Q.22. You have a patient who is 7 years old with ear pain. He had positive pump test for tympanic membrane. What would be the appropriate treatment?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.23. What is the treatment of cholesteatoma?
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Correct Answer : C
Q.24. A child presented in OPD due to unilateral nasal obstruct. Her mother also complained about the bad nasal odor. what is the diagnosis?
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Correct Answer : B
Q.25. A child came with inflammation and infection of the ear. Which of the following is the most complication?
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Correct Answer : D
N.B: If they are implying an Otitis media, then Mastoiditis is more likely to occur than Meningitis.
Q.26. What is the most common site of malignancy in paranasal sinuses?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.27. A 2 years old child presented with ear pain & bulging tympanic membrane, what is the diagnosis?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.28. What is the first step in the management of epistaxis?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.29. What is the most common cause of cough in adults?
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Correct Answer : C
Q.30. A 5 year old child came with earache. On examination, there is fluid in the middle ear and adenoid hypertrophy. Beside adenoidectomy on management, which also you should do?
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Correct Answer : A
N.B: Myringotomy (is used for bulging acute otitis media). Grommet tube insertion (is used for recurrent acute otitis media).
Q.31. A 5-year-old boy presents with conjunctivitis, occipital and nuchal lymphadenopathy 3 days after experiencing flu-like symptoms. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.32. A 50 years male patient came in OPD with complaints of black to brown nasal discharge. The patient is a known case of diabetes and recent HbA1C= 10, What is the diagnoses?
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Correct Answer : A
Mycomyosis (fungal infection caused by Mycorales, affect nasal sinus & lungs, characterized by black nasal discharge, diagnosis by biopsy).
Q.33. A 4-year-old child presents with a history of hearing difficulties, particularly in noisy environments. The child has had recurrent colds and upper respiratory tract infections in the past few months. Upon examination, the tympanic membrane appears dull, and there is a fluid level seen in the middle ear. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.34. What is the MOST Prominent symptom of Acute otitis media?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.35. All are true about hoarseness of voice in adult, EXCEPT ?
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Correct Answer : D
Q.36. Regarding tinnitus all are true except?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.37. A lady presented with epistaxis after electrocautery of the nose, all are true except?
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Correct Answer : C
Common causes of epistaxis: Chronic sinusitis, nose picking, Foreign bodies, Intranasal neoplasm or polyps, Irritants (e.g cigarette smoke), Medications (e.g topical corticosteroids, aspirin, anticoagulants, NSAID), Rhinitis, Septal deviation, Septal perforation, Trauma, Vascular malformation or telangiectasia, Hemophilia, Hypertension, Leukemia, Liver disease, Platelet dysfunction and Thrombocytopenia Initial management includes compression of the nostrils (application of direct pressure to the septal area) and plugging the affected nostril with gauze or cotton that has been soaked in a topical decongestant. Direct pressure should be applied continuously for at least five minutes and up to 20 minutes. Tilting
the head forward prevents blood from pooling in the posterior pharynx.
Q.38. What is the commonest cause of otorrhea?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.39. Regarding aphthous ulceration in the mouth all are true except?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.40. Patient had hoarseness of voice for 3 weeks, what is the next to do?
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Correct Answer : B
Q.41. Patient is complaining of right side pharynx tenderness. on examination, patient had inflamed right tonsil and redness around tonsil with normal left tonsil. What is the diagnosis?
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Correct Answer : C
Q.42. A child patient after swimming in pool came complaining of right ear tenderness. on examination, patient has external auditory canal redness, tender, and discharge, what is the management?
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Correct Answer : A
Topical aural medications typically include a mild acid, a corticosteroid (to decrease inflammation), an antibacterial agent, and/or an antifungal agent.
Q.43. A child came with inflammation and infection of the ear, what is the most complication?
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Correct Answer : B
Q.44. Regarding Anosmia (unable to smell), which area of brain is affected?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.45. A patient suffered from sensorineural loss, vertigo, dizziness 3 years ago and now developed numbness and weakness of facial muscles, what is the diagnosis?
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Correct Answer : B
Vestibular schwannoma, also known as acoustic neuroma, is a benign tumor that develops on the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII), which is responsible for hearing and balance. It is located near the brainstem and can affect both the cochlear (hearing) and vestibular (balance) branches of the nerve.
Q.46. A patient presented with seasonal nasal discharge that is watery in nature, what is the first management?
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Correct Answer : B
Q.47. A patient presented with nausea, vomiting, nystagmus, tinnitus and inability to walk unless he concentrates well on a target object. His Cerebellar function is intact, what is the diagnosis?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.48. A 5 years old adopted child, her recent parents brought her to you with white nasal discharge. He is known case of Sickle cell anemia. What you will do to him?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.49. A 20 year old boy presented due to right ear pain with plugging of tympanic membrane, what is the diagnosis?
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Correct Answer : A
In AOM drum bulging causes pain then purulent discharge if it perforates. AOM presents with rapid onset of pain, fever & sometimes irritability, anorexia, or vomiting.
Q.51. Unilateral nasal discharge is a feature of which of the following?
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Correct Answer : C
Q.52. What is the most common cause of epistaxis in children?
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Correct Answer : B
Epistaxis is more prevalent in dry climates and during cold weather.
Q.53. Swallowed foreign body will be found in all of the following except?
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Correct Answer : B
Q.54. All are normal in association with teething EXCEPT?
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Correct Answer : C
Q.56. All of the following are features of tonsillar abscess except?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.57. Case scenario, child present with rhinorrhea & sore throat for 5 days present with middle ear perfusion, examination of the ear: no redness in the ear the cause of perfusion, what is the diagnosis?
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Correct Answer : B
Q.58. A 55 year old male patient presented in an OPD. He came with difficulty in swallowing and feeling of neck mass. He is a smoker and alcoholic. How will you initially investigate?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.59. A child fall from stairs came in ER with mild injury to the nose, no bleeding and edema in the nasal sputum. What is the treatment?
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Correct Answer : C
Q.60. 16 years old female became deaf suddenly. Her mother had a similar history when she was 30 years old, what is the diagnosis?
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Correct Answer : A
It is an autosomal dominant, conductive HL,
Q.61. Regarding Barret esophagitis which is correct?
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Correct Answer : B
Q.62. A 35 year old smoker presented due to lesions on tongue. On examination, there are non-removable white patch on the tongue, what is the management?
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Correct Answer : D
biopsy if it is pre-cancer then do an excision biopsy.
Q.63. What is the criteria for acute otitis media?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.64. A postpartum female presents with recurrent episodes of hearing loss, which has been diagnosed as conductive hearing loss. On CT imaging, there is evidence of adhesions in the semicircular canal. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.65. A female patient had a purulent discharge from middle ear . How to treat her?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.66. A child presents with a history of an upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) followed by ear pain. On examination, there is hyperemia (redness) of the tympanic membrane (TM) and a positive insufflation test. The child has been treated with two different medications, but there has been no improvement. What is the best treatment?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.67. A patient wakes up from sleep and is unable to talk, but there is no fever. The patient can cough and vocal cords appear normal on examination. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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Correct Answer : A
Functional aphonia “loss of speech without attributable cause”
Q.68. A patient presented with sore throat, anorexia, loss of appetite. On throat exam, enlarged tonsils with petechiae on palate and uvula, mild tenderness of spleen and liver, what is the diagnosis?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.69. You have diagnosed a child as URTI with meningococcus type A, what will be the treatment?
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Correct Answer : B
Q.70. How will you treat a case of URTI with streptococcus type A organism?
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Correct Answer : A
Treatment with penicillin should be started.
Q.71. Patient presented with complaint of snoring while sleeping and he is unable to remain awake during daytime. on exam there is bilateral tonsillar enlargement. How will you manage?
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Correct Answer : C
Q.72. A 5 years old seen in ER presented with fever & sore throat, which of the following suggest viral etiology?
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Correct Answer : D
Q.73. A 4 years old presented with 2 days history of shortness of breath, a seal like noisy cough with no sputum and mild fever. On examination, he did not look ill or in distress, what is the diagnosis?
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Correct Answer : B
Q.74. A child presented with right ear pain and tenderness on pulling ear. He is afebrile. On examination, inflamed edematous right ear canal with yellow discharge, what is the diagnosis?
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Correct Answer : B
Q.75. As a general practitioner, how will you manage osteosclerosis?
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Correct Answer : D
Q.76. A 4 year old child came to you with barking cough, Stridor and by x-ray examination you saw “ Steeple Sign “ what is your diagnosis ?
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Correct Answer : B
Q.77. A 50 years old male, who smokes 40 packs / year, developed painless ulcer on the lateral border of the tongue which is rolled in with indurated base and easily bleed. What is you diagnosis ?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.78. A patient with upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) reports seeing "flashes of light" when she sneezes. What is the most likely explanation for this symptom?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.79. Which one of them causes conductive hearing loss?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.80. A 24 year old male patient developed yellowish-white nasal discharge with frontal headache, what is the diagnosis?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.81. A 55 years old male patient, presented with just mild hoarseness. On exam, there was a mid-cervical mass, what is the best investigation?
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Correct Answer : C
Q.82. An Old patient presented with Ear pain, and severe headache since 1 day and now he is unable to move his left upper and lower limbs. Which of the following most likely cause?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.83. Which of the following doesn't cause ear pain?
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Correct Answer : D
Main symptom is vertigo lasts for several days or weeks, suddenly, with nausea and vomiting not lead to loss of hearing.
Q.84. An old man came complain of progressive hearing loss , it is mostly propounded when he listening to the radio. He does not has any symptoms like that before. Weber and Rinne tests result in bilateral sensory-neural hearing loss. What is the diagnosis?
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Correct Answer : C
Q.85. A child presents with dysphagia, sore throat, postnasal drip, drooling of saliva, rhonchi, and a fever of 38.5°C. What is the most appropriate treatment for this condition?
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Correct Answer : B
Acute epiglottitis If the patient is stable: ICU. If a patient is unstable ; the Airway must be secured .Use of steroids is controversial.
Q.86. What is the most common site of malignancy in paranasal sinuses?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.87. A Patient had perforated tympanic membrane with foul smelling-whitish ear discharge, What is the diagnosis?
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Correct Answer : C
Q.88. A 6 years old child has pharyngitis, he presented in OPD. While follow-up on next day, his mother told you that he has developed cough and fever, what is the most likely organism?
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Correct Answer : B
Q.89. A 7 years old child came in ER due to shortness of breath and wheezing. He was sitting in bed, leaning forward, with drooling & strider, what is diagnosis?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.90. A child with epiglotitis will present with all of the following EXCEPT?
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Correct Answer : C
Epiglottitis usually presents abruptly and rapidly with fever, sore throat, dysphagia, respiratory distress, drooling, and anxiety. Physical: Patients tend to appear seriously ill and apprehensive. Characteristically, patients have a "hot potato" muffled voice and may have stridor. Usually, children will assume the "sniffing position" with their nose pointed superiorly to maintain an adequate airway.
Q.91. A 5 year old child is having a croup since early morning. What is the most common cause of it?
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Correct Answer : B
Q.92. Patient presented on 4th day- post rhinoplasty, with brown discharge with foully odor from the wound, what could be the management?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.93. All the following are present in otitis media except?
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Correct Answer : B
Tympanostomy tube (also called a "grommet") into the eardrum IN OME.
Q.94. A 4 years old patient came to your clinic with cystic swelling at the floor of the mouth. It varies in size and has bluish discoloration, what is the diagnosis?
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Correct Answer : A
Ranula “ ruptured salivary gland duct usually caused by local trauma
Q.95. What is the cause of Generalized skin rash associated with lymph node enlargement?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.96. Regarding diagnosis of unilateral enlarged tonsil, which of the following is most suitable?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.97. A 5 years old child presented with a history of fever and swelling of the face, anterior to both ears (parotid gland enlargement). What is the most common complication?
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Correct Answer : D
Mump complication orchitis in adult males, oophoritis in adult females, and meningitis in children.
Q.98. A patient on treatment for tuberculosis (TB) presents with imbalance and hearing loss. Which of the following drugs is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
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Correct Answer : B
Streptomycin belongs to aminoglycosides which are known for their ototoxic and nephrotoxic effects.
Q.99. Adult patient came with acute otitis media ,received amoxicillin for 1 week, follow up after 3 weeks you found fluid behind tympanic membrane, what is the treatment?
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Correct Answer : C
Effusion may resolve later
Q.100. What is true about management of epistaxis?
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C:
D:
Correct Answer : B
Q.101. A 55 years old male presented with intermittent vertigo and tinnitus. He had history of progressive hearing loss for 3 years. MRI of the brain will show what?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.102. A Child with URTI, developed ear pain, diagnosed with acute otitis media. What is the best antibiotics for AOM?
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Correct Answer : B
Q.103. A patient had seasonal runny nose, itching and nasal obstruction, treated many times with broad-spectrum antibiotics. What is the most EFFECTIVE therapy?
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Correct Answer : D
Q.104. A 25 year old boy presented with posterior epistaxis with unremarkable history, what is next step?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.105. Regarding Un-displaced nose fracture, what is the best management?
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Correct Answer : B
Q.106. What is the most common cause of otitis media in all age?
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Correct Answer : B
Q.107. An elderly patient presented in OPD with ulcer on the nose with averted edge, what is the diagnosis?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.108. A middle aged patient with Meniere disease was advised to take which of the following precaution?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.109. A patient presented with pharyngo-tonsilitis. He took antibiotic and improved in 2 days. Now, what should you advise him regarding total days of treatment?
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Correct Answer : D
Q.110. Tympanic membrane perforation in cases of cholesteatoma are commonly situated in which part?
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Correct Answer : C
Q.111. What is the most common cause of recurrent tonsillitis?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.112. A 5 year old child presented with sore throat. On examination, he had left tonsillar enlargement and exudates, what is the diagnosis?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.113. A patient has fever and vesicular rash all over his palate and uvula, that later ulcerated and became painful, what is the diagnosis?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.114. A young healthy male complain of sleep apnea. on examination there is only enlarged tonsils. What is the appropriate management?
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Correct Answer : D
Q.115. A 30 year old male patient came with sore throat, ear pain and cough. On examination, tympanic membrane is inflamed with hemorrhagic vesicles. What is the organism?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.116. A Young patient presented in OPD with decreased hearing and family history of hearing loss. Ear examination was normal . Rene and Weber test revealed that bone conduction is more than air conduction, what would you do?
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Correct Answer : D
Q.117. A 6 years old male patient presented in ER with fever and barking cough. You have made a diagnosis of epiglottitis. What is the next step?
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Correct Answer : B
Q.118. A middle aged patient came in a OPD with a history of acute otitis media, came with cloudy discharge from his left ear you should manage him by which of the following?
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D:
Correct Answer : B
Q.119. A 45-year-old patient presents with fever (38.5°C), earache, ear discharge, and on examination, there is associated paresthesia and hemiparesis on the same side. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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D:
Correct Answer : A
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in the facial nerve. It presents with a vesicular rash in the ear canal or on the ear (herpes zoster oticus), ear pain, hearing loss, discharge, and often facial paralysis on the same side. Paresthesia and hemiparesis can also occur due to the involvement of the facial and possibly other cranial nerves.
Q.120. A 19 year old male patient came in OPD with seasonal watery nasal discharge, sneezing and nasal block. What should you give him as a treatment?
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D:
Correct Answer : B
Q.121. A 7 year old child presented with decreased hearing since 1 year. on exam, there is a fluid behind the ear drum and adenoid hypertrophy. In addition to adenoidectomy what will you do?
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D:
Correct Answer : B
Q.122. Regarding treatment of a patient with perforated tympanic membrane, what of the following is the preferred treatment?
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D:
Correct Answer : C
Q.123. A patient with nasal congestion, watery nasal discharge and conjunctivitis, what is the treatment?
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D:
Correct Answer : C
Q.124. What is the common cause of acute otitis media in all age groups?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.125. A 23 years old lady presented with one month history of nasal discharge & nasal obstruction. She complains of pain on the face that is throbbing in nature, referred to the supraorbital area, worsen by head movement, walking, & stopping. On examination , tender antrum with failure of transillumination, what is the most likely the diagnosis?
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Correct Answer : B
Q.126. A 28 years old patient came in OPD who was treated for acute otitis media with Amoxicillin. He came after 3 weeks for follow-up, there was fluid collection behind tympanic membrane. What would be your further management?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.127. A patient presents with submandibular swelling and pain during eating. What is the best initial investigation to determine the cause of this condition?
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Correct Answer : C
Diagnosis is usually made by characteristic history and physical examination. Diagnosis can be confirmed by x-ray (80% of salivary gland calculi are visible on x-ray), or by sialogram or ultrasound.
CT scans are 10 times more sensitive than X-ray.
Q.128. All are speech disorders except?
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B:
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D:
Correct Answer : D
Types of speech disorders: Cluttering, Stuttering, Apraxia, Lisp, Rhotacism, Spasmodic dysphonia, Aphasia, Dysarthria, Huntington's disease, Laryngeal cancer, Selective mutism, Specific Language Impairment, Speech sound disorder, and Voice disorders.
Q.129. A 12 year old male child with recurrent otitis media was going to have tonsillectomy due to bilateral tonsillar enlargement. What can you do else to improve his condition?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.130. A 30 year old man fell down from 10 stairs and presented in ER with nasal contusion. what would be your next appropriate action?
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Correct Answer : B
Q.131. A 40 year old female patient presented in OPD with submandibular swelling that occurs during eating and is relieved after eating. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.132. A 50-year-old male presents with a painful, large nodule on the nose with overlying telangiectasia. He also has a history of prolonged sun exposure. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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Correct Answer : C
Q.133. A 45-year-old patient presents with offensive white ear discharge and a white, rigid tympanic membrane on examination. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.134. A lady patient otherwise healthy complaint a hissing sound in her ears at night during sleeping; her bedroom is sound proof and no noise coming from outside. What is the diagnosis?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.135. A 10 year old boy presented in an OPD with bad breath, no dental caries & labs are typically normal. What is the likely cause?
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Correct Answer : A
Q.136. What is the indication to give prophylactic antibiotic to recurrent suppurative otitis media in children?
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