Side effects of furosemide are hypotension, Hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hemolytic anemia

Lymphangitis is an inflammation of the lymphatic channels. Most common cause is S. pyogenes.

Half NS [ 0.45% NaCl ] has 77 mmol, and Quarter NS [ 0.22% NaCl ] has 39 mmol.

The early signs and symptoms of aspirin overdose include impaired hearing and ringing in the ears. Other early signs of aspirin poisoning include lightheadedness, breathing rapidly, double vision, vomiting, fever, and dehydration The acutely toxic dose of aspirin is generally considered greater than 150 mg per kg of body mass. Moderate toxicity occurs at doses up to 300 mg/kg, severe toxicity occurs between 300 - 500 mg/kg.

K+ is secreted in stool, as he is having a diarrhea he will lose a huge amount of K+, also muscle cramp is a symptom of Hypokalemia.

Certain drugs cause constriction of the pupils, such as alcohol and opioids. Other drugs, such as atropine, mescaline, psilocybin mushrooms, cocaine, and amphetamines may cause pupil dilation.

Haloperidol is a dopamine antagonist used in psychosis. Side effects: Extrapyramidal side effects, Dystonia, Tremors, Dry mouth, Depression.

Factitious fever: Fever produced artificially by a patient. This is done by artificially heating the thermometer or by self-administered pyrogenic substances. An artificial fever may be suspected if the pulse rate is much less than expected for the degree of fever noted. This diagnosis should be considered in all patients in whom there is no other plausible explanation for the fever. Patients who pretend to have fevers may have serious psychiatric problems.

Renal function and thyroid function tests must be done before initiating Lithium.

Management of anaphylaxis is summarized by:- Epinephrine + Diphenhydramine, then oxygen + IV fluids.

When epidural anesthetics are placed with a larger needle than that used for spinal anesthetics, the likelihood of headache is higher.

In children the most common complication is Meningitis Labyrinthitis --> (0.005% of cases) Orchitis --> (30% of cases) Meningitis --> (10% of cases)? Encephalitis ? (less than 1% of cases)

Diazepam is a Benzodiazepine

Sympathomimetic drugs mimic the action of the sympathetic nervous system. Examples: Cocaine, Ephedrine, Amphetamine, Epinephrine (Adrenaline), Dopamine.

Clonidine, a centrally acting alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, can reduce the effectiveness of warfarin due to its effect on platelet aggregation. Clonidine may also lower the effectiveness of other anticoagulants by affecting vascular tone and fluid balance. This interaction can decrease the anticoagulant effect of warfarin, potentially increasing the risk of thrombosis.

Normal daily caloric requirement is 20-40 kCal/kg, and 0.2 g nitrogen/kg.

darkened urine is a hallmark of hemolysis.

Explanation: The most common cause of gingivitis is poor oral hygiene which encourages plaque to form.

but INR needs to be monitiored

Because if we multiply 155 by 2 = 310

Administration of tetracycline with aluminum, calcium, or magnesium salts significantly decreases tetracycline serum concentrations. Digoxin should be avoided from quinidine, amiodarone, and verapamil.

Steroid side effects : I. Major: Increased blood sugar for diabetics, Difficulty controlling emotion, Difficulty in maintaining a train of thought, Weight gain, Depression, mania, psychosis or other psychiatric symptoms, Facial swelling, Unusual fatigue or weakness, Mental confusion/indecisiveness, Blurred vision, Abdominal pain, Peptic ulcer, Infections, Painful hips or shoulders, Steroid-induced osteoporosis, Stretch marks, Osteonecrosis, Long-term migraines, Insomnia, Severe joint pain, Cataracts or glaucoma, Anxiety, Black stool, Stomach pain or bloating, Severe swelling, Mouth sores or dry mouth & Avascular necrosis. II. Minor: Acne, Rash, Increased appetite, Frequent urination, Diarrhea, Removes intestinal flora & Leg pain/cramps.

Explanation: ADH reabsorbs water from the kidneys back to the body. So when absent or not working such as in diabetes insipidus, water is not reabsorbed so a sodium concentration in the body is high (hypernatremia) while the concentration in urine is low due to the large amounts of non-reabsorbed water in it. Likewise, serum osmolality is high while urine osmolality is low. The opposite is found in cases of the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH), which is a diagnosis of exclusion where you have to exclude hypothyroidism and adrenal insufficiency. Head trauma is a well-known cause of both. In DI serum and plasma osmolality are essential, water deprivation test and response to desmopressin differentiate it from other differentials. MRI of the brain would show any damage or cut to the pituitary stack which causes interference with the delivery of ADH which in turn leads to DI in head trauma. Morning cortisone level is useless and not done.

Explanation: Nephritic syndrome causes an increase in weight due to fluid retention.

Explanation: A --> After diarrhea (which is alkali) the blood will be acidic (low pH). B --> After vomiting (which is acidic “Hcl”) the blood pH will be alkali (high pH). C -->O2 low H+ and high pH, so the pH in the right atrium “low O2” will be lower than the left atrium “high O2”. D --> The Left ventricle has more oxygenated blood than the right atrium. E -->blood in arteries is more oxygenated than that in veins.

Aspirin toxicity: in the early stages, salicylate will stimulate the respiratory center -->to increase RR --> respiratory alkalosis that will be compensated by metabolic acidosis. In late stage, it will interfere with COH, fat, & protein metabolism as well as Oxidation phosphorylation leads to an increase in lactate, pyruvate, & keton bodies. All will lead to decreased pH. Signs & symptoms include nausea, vomiting, increased RR, temp and HR, sweating, cerebral or pulmonary edema, & coma. +ve anion gap. Treatment: hydration, correct K+, gastric lavage or activated charcoal, urine alkalization, hemodialysis).

This patient presents with symptoms consistent with myxedema coma, a severe form of hypothyroidism. The primary treatment involves administering IV levothyroxine (a high dose initially), fluid restriction, and gradual correction of hyponatremia. In some cases, corticosteroids (e.g., IV hydrocortisone) should also be administered due to the possibility of coexisting adrenal insufficiency.

Increase in the risk of myocardial infarction, gastrointestinal (most commonly), inflammatory bowel disease, Interstitial nephritis, Nephrotic syndrome, Acute renal failure, Acute tubular necrosis, Photosensitivity, metabolic and respiratory acidosis, and hyperkalemia.

Acute tubular necrosis cause hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypermagnesemia, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and metabolic acidosis.

Heat exhaustion: This condition often occurs when people are exposed to high temperatures especiallywhen combined with strenuous physical activities and humidity. Body fluids are lost through sweating,causing dehydration and overheating of the body. The person's temperature may be elevated, but notabove 104 F. Heat stroke: also referred to as sun stroke, is a life-threatening medical condition. The body's coolingthe system, which is controlled by the brain, stops working and the internal body temperature rises to thepoint at which brain damage or damage to other internal organs may result (temperature may reach 105 F[40.5 C] or greater).

Hyoscyamine sulfate Warnings: In the presence of high environmental temperature, heat prostration can occur with drug use (fever and heat stroke due to decreased sweating). other drugs: Anticholinergics, Neuroleptics, Diuretics, Sympathomimetics, Antihypertensives

Flumazenil (Anexate) is a competitive benzodiazepine receptor antagonist that can be used as an antidote for benzodiazepine overdose.

All patients being treated for AW should be given 100 milligrams (mg) of thiamine as soon as treatment begins and daily during the withdrawal period.

Avocado is a source of omega-6 (linoleic) fatty acid with many benefits. So, I would choose organic meat from the mentioned answers!

Carvidilol drug reaction with digoxin. They both lower the serum K level

Secondary hyperlipidemia causes: Diabetes mellitus, use of drugs such as diuretics, beta-blockers, and estrogens, hypothyroidism, renal failure, Nephrotic syndrome, alcohol usage, and some rare endocrine and metabolic disorders.